3D reconstruction of magnetization from dichroic soft X-ray transmission tomography

The development of magnetic nanostructures for applications in spintronics requires methods capable of visualizing their magnetization. Soft X‐ray magnetic imaging combined with circular magnetic dichroism allows nanostructures up to 100–300 nm in thickness to be probed with resolutions of 20–40 nm. Here a new iterative tomographic reconstruction method to extract the three‐dimensional magnetization configuration from tomographic projections is presented. The vector field is reconstructed by using a modified algebraic reconstruction approach based on solving a set of linear equations in an iterative manner. The application of this method is illustrated with two examples (magnetic nano‐disc and micro‐square heterostructure) along with comparison of error in reconstructions, and convergence of the algorithm

Estilos de vida asociados al riesgo cardiovascular global en trabajadores universitarios del Estado de México

Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación del estilo de vida con el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) en trabajadores universitarios del Estado de México. Material y métodos. Estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte. Se evaluaron variables del estilo de vida, sociodemográficas, antropométricas y antecedentes familiares. El análisis estimó razones de momios pareadas crudas y ajustadas a través de regresión logística condicional. Resultados. Se estudiaron 342 casos con RCV y 684 controles. En los trabajadores con sobrepeso u obesidad, el RCV superó al de aquéllos con peso normal. Los antecedentes familiares de infarto del miocardio se asociaron directamente, y la actividad física moderada-vigorosa inversamente con el RCV, en modelos con interacciones entre género y actividad física; esta relación se mantuvo sólo en los hombres. Conclusiones. Los resultados muestran el papel preponderante de la actividad física moderada-vigorosa como factor del estilo de vida asociado con menor RCV

Teaching Minor Surgical Procedures in Internship in Primary Care: A Necessary Approach

Skin and subcutaneous lesions (nevus, fibromas, lipomas), lacerations, ingrown toenails, abscesses, musculoskeletal disorders such as arthritis, bursitis, trigger points, neuropathies and tendinitis are the main causes of problems in primary care that can be resolved with minor procedures. Performing these procedures is an important part of the general practitioner's competencies. The National Medical Course Curriculum Guidelines in Brazil show that medical students should be aware of these diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, based on current literature. In addition to the financial benefits, performing minor procedures in primary care also reduce patient anxiety, has greater convenience due to the proximity and familiarity with the health facility, requires less waiting for treatment, and allows for complete patient care. This paper is an experience report, with the objective of reporting the teaching-learning process during the internship of Family and Community Medicine of the Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, regarding the performance of outpatient procedures in the primary health care. During the internship, it was possible to perform small procedures such as skin lesion excision, Intrauterine Device (IUD) insertion and trigger point needling. Thus, it is concluded that the teaching of small procedures is an essential part of the medical curriculum and helps to form a physician who addresses the most common complaints of patients in primary care

Educação e criatividade na formação docente

Com a intenção de oferecer visões diversificadas sobre as relações entre processos educacionais e criativos, apresentamos entrevistas com duas pessoas que trabalham na Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) no âmbito da formação docente, sendo que o professor Guilherme do Val Toledo Prado trabalha com as disciplinas de prática de ensino e estágio supervisionado no curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia e a professora Ana Maria Rodriguez Costas trabalha com disciplinas que abordam a mesma questão no curso de Licenciatura em Dança.Offerring diversified views about educational and creative processes, we showed interviews with two professors who work at Campinas University (Unicamp) in teacher education. Professor Guilherme do Val Toledo Prado who works with the disciplines Teaching Practice and Supervised Practice in the Pedagogy course; and professor Ana Maria Rodriguez Costas who works with similar disciplines in the University Dance course

CD45 expression discriminates waves of embryonic megakaryocytes in the mouse

Embryonic megakaryopoiesis starts in the yolk sac on gestational day 7.5 as part of the primitive wave of hematopoiesis, and it continues in the fetal liver when this organ is colonized by hematopoietic progenitors between day 9.5 and 10.5, as the definitive hematopoiesis wave. We characterized the precise phenotype of embryo megakaryocytes in the liver at gestational day 11.5, identifying them as CD41++CD45-CD9++CD61+MPL+CD42c+ tetraploid cells that express megakaryocyte-specific transcripts and display differential traits when compared to those present in the yolk sac at the same age. In contrast to megakaryocytes from adult bone marrow, embryo megakaryocytes are CD45- until day 13.5 of gestation, as are both the megakaryocyte progenitors and megakaryocyte/erythroid-committed progenitors. At gestational day 11.5, liver and yolk sac also contain CD41+CD45+ and CD41+CD45- cells. These populations, and that of CD41++CD45-CD42c+ cells, isolated from liver, differentiate in culture into CD41++CD45-CD42c+ proplatelet-bearing megakaryocytes. Also present at this time are CD41-CD45++CD11b+ cells, which produce low numbers of CD41++CD45-CD42c+ megakaryocytes in vitro, as do fetal liver cells expressing the macrophage-specific Csf receptor-1 (Csf1r/CD115) from MaFIA transgenic mice, which give rise poorly to CD41++CD45-CD42c+ embryo megakaryocytes both in vivo and in vitro In contrast, around 30% of adult megakaryocytes (CD41++CD45++CD9++CD42c+) from C57BL/6 and MaFIA mice express CD115. We propose that differential pathways operating in the mouse embryo liver at gestational day 11.5 beget CD41++CD45-CD42c+ embryo megakaryocytes that can be produced from CD41+CD45- or from CD41+CD45+ cells, at difference from those from bone marrow.This work was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN SAF2009-12596) and from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO SAF2012-33916 and SAF2015-70880-R MINECO/FEDER). NS was the recipient of a fellowship from the Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) and IC received a fellowship from the MICINN. The CBMSO receives institutional funding from Fundacion Ramon Areces. The CNIC is supported by the MEIC and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (MEIC award SEV-2015-0505).S

Supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides to suckling piglets promotes the growth of fiber-degrading gut bacterial populations during the lactation and nursery periods

Modulating early-life microbial colonization through xylo-oligosacharides (XOS) supplementation represents an opportunity to accelerate the establishment of fiber-degrading microbial populations and improve intestinal health. Ninety piglets from 15 litters were orally administered once a day from d7 to d27 of lactation with either 5 mL of water (CON) or 5 mL of a solution containing 30 to 60 mg of XOS (XOS). Supplementation ceased at weaning (d28) when all piglets were fed the same commercial pre-starter diet. Growth performance did not differ between treatments during the experimental period (d7 to d40). Piglet's fecal microbiota (n = 30) shifted significantly from the end of lactation (d27) to nursery period (d40) exhibiting an increase in microbial alpha diversity. Animals supplemented with XOS showed higher richness and abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production at d27 and d40. Additionally, the predicted abundance of the pyruvate to butanoate fermentation pathway was increased in the XOS group at d40. These results show that supplementation of XOS to lactating piglets promotes fiber-degrading bacterial populations in their hindgut. Moreover, differences observed in the nursery period suggest that XOS can influence the microbiota in the long-term

Ultrasound and Microwave Assisted Extraction of Opuntia Fruit Peels Biocompounds: Optimization and Comparison Using RSM-CCD

[EN] Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of bioactive compounds, peels from Opuntia engelmannii cultivar (cv.) Valencia were optimized by response surface methodology. Randomized extraction runs were performed for each of the technologies employed in order to build effective models with maximum (bioactive molecules content and yield) and minimum (antioxidant activity) responses. A 5-level, 4-factor central composite design was used to obtain target responses as a function of extraction time (t), solid to liquid ratio (S/L), methanol concentration (metOH), and temperature (T). Specific response optimization for each technology was analyzed, discussed, and general optimization from all the responses together was also gather. The optimum values for each factor were: t = 2.5 and 1.4 min, S/L = 5 and 5 g/L, metOH = 34.6 and 0% of methanol and T = 30 and 36.6 °C, achieving maximum responses of 201.6 and 132.9 mg of betalains/g, 13.9 and 8.0 mg of phenolic acids/g, 2.4 and 1.5 mg of flavonoids/g, 71.8% and 79.1% of extractable solid and IC50 values for the antioxidant activity of 2.9 and 3.6, for UAE and MAE, respectively. The present study suggested UAE as the best extraction system, in order to maximize recovery of bioactive compounds with a high antioxidant activity.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programmer PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2019) and L. Barros and M.I. Dias also thank the national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract. The authors are grateful to CONACyT for supporting B. Melgar with his doctoral grant (No. 329930). The authors specially thanks to Maria Luisa Ruiz and the "Laboratorio Agroalimentario de la Comunitat Valenciana" for allow the use of the microwave for the extractions. This work is also funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project Mobilizador Norte-01-0247-FEDER-024479: ValorNatural(R)Melgar-Castañeda, B.; Dias, MI.; Barros, L.; Ferreira, IC.; Rodríguez López, AD.; Garcia-Castello, EM. (2019). Ultrasound and Microwave Assisted Extraction of Opuntia Fruit Peels Biocompounds: Optimization and Comparison Using RSM-CCD. Molecules. 24(19):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193618S1162419GVR Natural Antioxidants Market Analysis By Product (Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Polyphenols, Carotenoids) And Segment Forecasts To 2022https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/natural-antioxidants-marketThe Economics of Natural Color Pigmentshttps://sensientfoodcolors.com/en-us/research-development/economics-natural-color-pigments/Do Prado, D. Z., Capoville, B. L., Delgado, C. H. O., Heliodoro, J. C. A., Pivetta, M. R., Pereira, M. S., … Fleuri, L. F. (2018). Nutraceutical Food: Composition, Biosynthesis, Therapeutic Properties, and Applications. Alternative and Replacement Foods, 95-140. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811446-9.00004-6Aruwa, C. E., Amoo, S. O., & Kudanga, T. (2018). Opuntia (Cactaceae) plant compounds, biological activities and prospects – A comprehensive review. Food Research International, 112, 328-344. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.047Cardoso-Ugarte, G. A., Sosa-Morales, M. E., Ballard, T., Liceaga, A., & San Martín-González, M. F. (2014). Microwave-assisted extraction of betalains from red beet (Beta vulgaris). LWT - Food Science and Technology, 59(1), 276-282. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2014.05.025Garcia-Castello, E. M., Rodriguez-Lopez, A. D., Mayor, L., Ballesteros, R., Conidi, C., & Cassano, A. (2015). Optimization of conventional and ultrasound assisted extraction of flavonoids from grapefruit (Citrus paradisi L.) solid wastes. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 64(2), 1114-1122. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2015.07.024Laqui-Vilca, C., Aguilar-Tuesta, S., Mamani-Navarro, W., Montaño-Bustamante, J., & Condezo-Hoyos, L. (2018). Ultrasound-assisted optimal extraction and thermal stability of betalains from colored quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) hulls. Industrial Crops and Products, 111, 606-614. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.11.034Thirugnanasambandham, K., & Sivakumar, V. (2017). Microwave assisted extraction process of betalain from dragon fruit and its antioxidant activities. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 16(1), 41-48. doi:10.1016/j.jssas.2015.02.001Chemat, F., Vian, M. A., & Cravotto, G. (2012). Green Extraction of Natural Products: Concept and Principles. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13(7), 8615-8627. doi:10.3390/ijms13078615Barba, F. J., Puértolas, E., Brnčić, M., Panchev, I. N., Dimitrov, D. A., Athès-Dutour, V., … Souchon, I. (2015). Emerging extraction. Food Waste Recovery, 249-272. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800351-0.00011-0Melgar, B., Dias, M. I., Ciric, A., Sokovic, M., Garcia-Castello, E. M., Rodriguez-Lopez, A. D., … Ferreira, I. (2017). By-product recovery of Opuntia spp. peels: Betalainic and phenolic profiles and bioactive properties. Industrial Crops and Products, 107, 353-359. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.06.011Chougui, N., Djerroud, N., Naraoui, F., Hadjal, S., Aliane, K., Zeroual, B., & Larbat, R. (2015). Physicochemical properties and storage stability of margarine containing Opuntia ficus-indica peel extract as antioxidant. Food Chemistry, 173, 382-390. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.025Mena, P., Tassotti, M., Andreu, L., Nuncio-Jáuregui, N., Legua, P., Del Rio, D., & Hernández, F. (2018). Phytochemical characterization of different prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) cultivars and botanical parts: UHPLC-ESI-MSn metabolomics profiles and their chemometric analysis. Food Research International, 108, 301-308. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.062Yeddes, N., Chérif, J., Guyot, S., Sotin, H., & Ayadi, M. (2013). Comparative Study of Antioxidant Power, Polyphenols, Flavonoids and Betacyanins of the Peel and Pulp of Three Tunisian Opuntia Forms. Antioxidants, 2(2), 37-51. doi:10.3390/antiox2020037Allai, L., Druart, X., Öztürk, M., BenMoula, A., Nasser, B., & El Amiri, B. (2016). Protective effects of Opuntia ficus-indica extract on ram sperm quality, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation during liquid storage. Animal Reproduction Science, 175, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.09.013Ammar, I., Ben Salem, M., Harrabi, B., Mzid, M., Bardaa, S., Sahnoun, Z., … Ennouri, M. (2018). Anti-inflammatory activity and phenolic composition of prickly pear ( Opuntia ficus-indica ) flowers. Industrial Crops and Products, 112, 313-319. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.12.028Betancourt, C., Cejudo-Bastante, M. J., Heredia, F. J., & Hurtado, N. (2017). Pigment composition and antioxidant capacity of betacyanins and betaxanthins fractions of Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl) Haw cactus fruit. Food Research International, 101, 173-179. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.007Mata, A., Ferreira, J. P., Semedo, C., Serra, T., Duarte, C. M. M., & Bronze, M. R. (2016). Contribution to the characterization of Opuntia spp. juices by LC–DAD–ESI-MS/MS. Food Chemistry, 210, 558-565. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.033Melgar, B., Pereira, E., Oliveira, M. B. P. P., Garcia-Castello, E. M., Rodriguez-Lopez, A. D., Sokovic, M., … Ferreira, I. C. F. R. (2017). Extensive profiling of three varieties of Opuntia spp. fruit for innovative food ingredients. Food Research International, 101, 259-265. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.024Fathordoobady, F., Mirhosseini, H., Selamat, J., & Manap, M. Y. A. (2016). Effect of solvent type and ratio on betacyanins and antioxidant activity of extracts from Hylocereus polyrhizus flesh and peel by supercritical fluid extraction and solvent extraction. Food Chemistry, 202, 70-80. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.121García-Cruz, L., Dueñas, M., Santos-Buelgas, C., Valle-Guadarrama, S., & Salinas-Moreno, Y. (2017). Betalains and phenolic compounds profiling and antioxidant capacity of pitaya ( Stenocereus spp.) fruit from two species ( S. Pruinosus and S. stellatus ). Food Chemistry, 234, 111-118. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.174Herbach, K. M., Stintzing, F. C., & Carle, R. (2005). Identification of heat-induced degradation products from purified betanin, phyllocactin and hylocerenin by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 19(18), 2603-2616. doi:10.1002/rcm.2103Spórna-Kucab, A., Ignatova, S., Garrard, I., & Wybraniec, S. (2013). Versatile solvent systems for the separation of betalains from processed Beta vulgaris L. juice using counter-current chromatography. Journal of Chromatography B, 941, 54-61. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.001Wybraniec, S., Starzak, K., Szneler, E., & Pietrzkowski, Z. (2016). Separation of chlorinated diastereomers of decarboxy-betacyanins in myeloperoxidase catalyzed chlorinated Beta vulgaris L. extract. Journal of Chromatography B, 1036-1037, 20-32. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.040Vinatoru, M. (2001). An overview of the ultrasonically assisted extraction of bioactive principles from herbs. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 8(3), 303-313. doi:10.1016/s1350-4177(01)00071-2Strack, D., Vogt, T., & Schliemann, W. (2003). Recent advances in betalain research. Phytochemistry, 62(3), 247-269. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00564-2Sawicki, T., & Wiczkowski, W. (2018). The effects of boiling and fermentation on betalain profiles and antioxidant capacities of red beetroot products. Food Chemistry, 259, 292-303. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.143Ravichandran, K., Saw, N. M. M. T., Mohdaly, A. A. A., Gabr, A. M. M., Kastell, A., Riedel, H., … Smetanska, I. (2013). Impact of processing of red beet on betalain content and antioxidant activity. Food Research International, 50(2), 670-675. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.07.002Paciulli, M., Medina-Meza, I. G., Chiavaro, E., & Barbosa-Cánovas, G. V. (2016). Impact of thermal and high pressure processing on quality parameters of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.). LWT - Food Science and Technology, 68, 98-104. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12.029Guldiken, B., Toydemir, G., Nur Memis, K., Okur, S., Boyacioglu, D., & Capanoglu, E. (2016). Home-Processed Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Products: Changes in Antioxidant Properties and Bioaccessibility. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(6), 858. doi:10.3390/ijms17060858Ferreres, F., Grosso, C., Gil-Izquierdo, A., Valentão, P., Mota, A. T., & Andrade, P. B. (2017). Optimization of the recovery of high-value compounds from pitaya fruit by-products using microwave-assisted extraction. Food Chemistry, 230, 463-474. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.061Al-Farsi, M. A., & Lee, C. Y. (2008). Optimization of phenolics and dietary fibre extraction from date seeds. Food Chemistry, 108(3), 977-985. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.009Primorac, T., Požar, M., Sokolić, F., Zoranić, L., & Urbic, T. (2018). A simple two dimensional model of methanol. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 262, 46-57. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2018.04.055Bessada, S. M. F., Barreira, J. C. M., Barros, L., Ferreira, I. C. F. R., & Oliveira, M. B. P. P. (2016). Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of Coleostephus myconis (L.) Rchb.f.: An underexploited and highly disseminated species. Industrial Crops and Products, 89, 45-51. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.065Roriz, C. L., Barros, L., Prieto, M. A., Morales, P., & Ferreira, I. C. F. R. (2017). Floral parts of Gomphrena globosa L. as a novel alternative source of betacyanins: Optimization of the extraction using response surface methodology. Food Chemistry, 229, 223-234. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.07

Associations between chronic conditions, body functions, activity limitations and participation restrictions: a cross-sectional approach in Spanish non-clinical populations

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the relationships between chronic conditions, body functions, activity limitations and participation restrictions in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: 2 geographical areas in the Autonomous Region of Aragon, Spain, namely, a rural area, Cinco Villas, and an urban area in the city of Zaragoza. PARTICIPANTS: 864 individuals selected by simple random sampling from the register of Social Security card holders, aged 50 years and over, positive to disability screening. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ICF Checklist-body function domains, WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0, 36-item (WHODAS-36)) global scores and medical diagnoses (chronic conditions) from primary care records. RESULTS: Mild disability (WHODAS-36 level 5-24%) was present in 51.5% of the sample. In the adjusted ordinal regression model with WHODAS-36 as the dependent variable, disability was substantially associated with moderate-to-complete impairment in the following functions: mental, OR 212.8 (95% CI 72 to 628.9); neuromusculoskeletal, OR 44.8 (24.2 to 82.8); and sensory and pain, OR 6.3 (3.5 to 11.2). In the relationship between health conditions and body function impairments, the strongest links were seen for: dementia with mental functions, OR 50.6 (25.1 to 102.1); cerebrovascular disease with neuromusculoskeletal function, OR 5.8 (3.5 to 9.7); and chronic renal failure with sensory function and pain, OR 3.0 (1.49 to 6.4). Dementia, OR 8.1 (4.4 to 14.7) and cerebrovascular disease, OR 4.1 (2.7 to 6.4) were associated with WHODAS-36 scores. CONCLUSIONS: Body functions are heterogeneously linked to limitations in activities and restrictions on participation, with the highest impact being due to mental and musculoskeletal functions. This may be relevant for disability assessment and intervention design, particularly if defined on a body function basis. Control of specific health conditions, such as dementia and cerebrovascular disease, appears to be paramount in reducing disability among persons aged 50 years and over.This study was funded by the Carlos III Institute of Health (EPI projects 1637/06 and 1530/07; Health Research Fund grants PI06/1098 and PI07/90206), Convenio Marco IMSERSO-ISCIII reference number STVI 1282/ 15, Consortium for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED), Zaragoza Regional Authority and Farasdués Foundation.S

Genetic characterization of Gift tilapia generations using microsatellite markers

The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic variability in parental (G0) and three subsequent generations (G1, G2 and G3) of genetically improved farmed tilapia (Gift) using microsatellite markers. Three hundred sixty individuals from the breeding program of Universidade Estadual de Maringá, PR, Brazil, were selected for weight gain. A total of 21 alleles was found in all five polymorphic microsatellite loci (G12292, UNH140; G12311, UNH159; G12312, UNH160; G12314, UNH162; and G12315, UNH163), with an average number between three and five alleles per locus. Allele frequencies ranged from 0.017 (UNH160 – G2) to 0.750 (UNH160 – G0). The average observed heterozygosity was 0.501, 0.391, 0.531, and 0.503 for G0, G1, G2 and G3, respectively. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.192 (G0), 0.401 (G1), 0.230 (G2), and 0.301 (G3). All generations showed deviation from Hardy‑Weinberg equilibrium, with linkage disequilibrium in most loci. Except for G1, the heterozygosity was maintained in the G2 and G3 generations, which indicates that there is no significant loss of genetic variability in the breeding program

Immunoescape of HIV-1 in Env-EL9 CD8 + T cell response restricted by HLA-B*14:02 in a Non progressor who lost twenty-seven years of HIV-1 control

Background: Long-Term Non-Progressors (LTNPs) are untreated Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals able to control disease progression for prolonged periods. However, the LTNPs status is temporary, as viral load increases followed by decreases in CD4 + T-cell counts. Control of HIV-1 infection in LTNPs viremic controllers, have been associated with effective immunodominant HIV-1 Gag-CD8 + T-cell responses restricted by protective HLA-B alleles. Individuals carrying HLA-B*14:02 control HIV-1 infection is related to an immunodominant Env-CD8 + T-cell response. Limited data are available on the contribution of HLA-B*14:02 CD8 + T -cells in LTNPs. Results: In this study, we performed a virological and immunological detailed analysis of an HLA-B*14:02 LNTP individual that lost viral control (LVC) 27 years after HIV-1 diagnosis. We analysed viral evolution and immune escape in HLA-B*14:02 restricted CD8 + T -cell epitopes and identified viral evolution at the Env-EL9 epitope selecting the L592R mutation. By IFN-γ ELISpot and immune phenotype, we characterized HLA- B*14:02 HIV-1 CD8 + T cell responses targeting, Gag-DA9 and Env-EL9 epitopes before and after LVC. We observed an immunodominant response against the Env-EL9 epitope and a decreased of the CD8 T + cell response over time with LVC. Loss of Env-EL9 responses was concomitant with selecting K588R + L592R mutations at Env-EL9. Finally, we evaluated the impact of Env-EL9 escape mutations on HIV-1 infectivity and Env protein structure. The K588R + L592R escape variant was directly related to HIV-1 increase replicative capacity and stability of Env at the LVC. Conclusions: These findings support the contribution of immunodominant Env-EL9 CD8 + T-cell responses and the imposition of immune escape variants with higher replicative capacity associated with LVC in this LNTP. These data highlight the importance of Env-EL9 specific-CD8 + T-cell responses restricted by the HLA-B*14:02 and brings new insights into understanding long-term HIV-1 control mediated by Env mediated CD8 + T-cell responses.Molecular Virology Laboratory was supported by grants SAF (2016-77894-R) from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), ISCIII through the projects PI 13/02269, PI17/00164, PI16/0684, PI19/01127 (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund "Investing in your future"). The RIS-RETIC grants RD12/0017/0028, RD16/0025/0020 and RD16CIII/0002/0005. LTD was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) under grant agreement “CD20/00025” through the Sara Borrell Program. O.B.L was funded by an AGAUR-FI_B 00582 Ph.D. fellowship from the Catalan Government and the European Social Fund. M.A. was funded by grants RYC-2015-18241 and PID2019-107931GA-I00 from the Spanish Government and, ED431F 2018/08 from the “Xunta de Galicia”. ERM was supported by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). JGP laboratory was supported by National Health Institute Carlos III grant PI17/00164 and Redes Temáticas de Investigación en SIDA (ISCIII RETIC RD16/0025/0041). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, the decision to publish or drafting of the manuscript.S